Oleander (Nerium oleander, Thevetia peruviana)

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• Arao T, Fuke C, Takaesu H, et al. Simultaneous determination of cardenolides by sonic spray ionization liquidchromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry--a fatal case of oleander poisoning. J Anal Toxicol 2002 May-Jun;26(4):222-7.
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• Bose TK, Basu RK, Biswas B, et al. Cardiovascular effects of yellow oleander ingestion. J Indian Med Assoc 1999;97(10):407-410.
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• de Silva HA, Fonseka MM, Pathmeswaran A, et al. Multiple-dose activated charcoal for treatment of yellow oleander poisoning: a single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003 Jun 7;361(9373):1935-8.
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• Downer J, Craigmill A, Holstege D. Toxic potential of oleander derived compost and vegetables grown with oleander soil amendments. Vet Hum Toxicol 2003 Aug;45(4):219-21.
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• Eddleston M, Ariaratnam CA, Sjostrom L, et al. Acute yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) poisoning: cardiac arrhythmias, electrolyte disturbances, and serum cardiac glycoside concentrations on presentation to hospital. Heart 2000;83(3):301-306.
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• Eddleston M, Warrell DA. Management of acute yellow oleander poisoning. QJM 1999;92(9):483-485.
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• Eddleston M, Persson H. Acute plant poisoning and antitoxin antibodies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2003;41(3):309-15.
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• Fonseka MM, Seneviratne SL, de Silva CE, et al. Yellow oleander poisoning in Sri Lanka: outcome in a secondary care hospital. Hum Exp Toxicol 2002 Jun;21(6):293-5.
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• Juurlink DN, Sivilotti ML. Multidose activated charcoal for yellow oleander poisoning. Lancet 2003 Aug 16;362(9383):581; author reply 581.
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• Le Couteur DG, Fisher AA. Chronic and criminal administration of Nerium oleander. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002;40(4):523-4.
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• Mekhail T, Kaur H, Ganapathi R, et al. Phase 1 trial of Anvirzel in patients with refractory solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2006;24(5):423-427.
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• Monzani V, Rovellini A, Schinco G, et al. Acute oleander poisoning after a self-prepared tisane. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1997;35(6):667-668.
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• Ni D, Madden TL, Johansen M, Felix E, et al. Murine pharmacokinetics and metabolism of oleandrin, a cytotoxic component of Nerium oleander. J Exp Ther Oncol 2002 Sep-Oct;2(5):278-85.
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• Nishioka S, Resende ES. Transitory complete atrioventricular block associated to ingestion of Nerium oleander. Rev Assoc Med Bras 1995;41(1):60-62.
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• Wojtyna W, Enseleit F. A rare cause of complete heart block after transdermal botanical treatment for psoriasis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2004 Dec;27(12):1686-8.
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