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Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.)

Background

  • Tamanu is a large tropical tree native to Polynesia and Southeast Asia. In Chinese and Tahitian traditional medicine, tamanu is used for abrasions, acne, anal fissures, blisters, burns (boiling water, sun, x-rays), cuts, diabetic ulcers, dry skin, eczema, herpes sores, insect bites and stings, psoriasis, scars, sore throat, foot and body odor, and for pain from muscle, nerve, shingles, leprous neuritis (inflammation associated with leprosy), or rheumatological etiologies.
  • The phytochemistry of tamanu has been well established, and there are several laboratory and animal trials showing effectiveness of tamanu as an antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agent. There is limited evidence from human clinical trials, however, about its safety or effectiveness.

References

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  • Crane S, Aurore G, Joseph H, et al. Composition of fatty acids triacylglycerols and unsaponifiable matter in Calophyllum calaba L. oil from Guadeloupe. Phytochemistry 2005;66(15):1825-1831.
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  • De Clercq E. Current lead natural products for the chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Med Res Rev 2000;20(5):323-349.
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  • Hemavathy J, Prabhakar JV. Lipid composition of Calophyllum inophyllum kernel. Journal Of The American Oil Chemists' Society 1990;67(12):955-957.
  • Itoigawa M, Ito C, Tan HT, et al. Cancer chemopreventive agents, 4-phenylcoumarins from Calophyllum inophyllum. Cancer Lett. 8-10-2001;169(1):15-19.
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  • Laure F, Herbette G, Faure R, et al. Structures of new secofriedelane and friedelane acids from Calophyllum inophyllum of French Polynesia. Magn Reson.Chem 2005;43(1):65-68.
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  • Le Coz CJ. Allergic contact dermatitis from tamanu oil (Calophyllum inophyllum, Calophyllum tacamahaca). Contact Dermatitis 2004;51(4):216-217.
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  • Mahmud S, Rizwani GR, Ahmad M, et al. Antimicrobial studies on fractions and pure compounds of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Pakistan Journal of Pharmacology 1998;15(2):13-25.
  • Oku H, Ueda Y, Iinuma M, Ishiguro K. Inhibitory effects of xanthones from guttiferae plants on PAF-induced hypotension in mice. Planta Med 2005;71(1):90-92.
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  • Patil AD, Freyer AJ, Eggleston DS, et al. The inophyllums, novel inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase isolated from the Malaysian tree, Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. J Med Chem 12-24-1993;36(26):4131-4138.
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  • Sekino E, Kumamoto T, Tanaka T, et al. Concise synthesis of anti-HIV-1 active (+)-inophyllum B and (+)-calanolide A by application of (-)-quinine-catalyzed intramolecular oxo-Michael addition. J Org Chem 4-16-2004;69(8):2760-2767.
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  • Shen YC, Hung MC, Wang LT, Chen CY. Inocalophyllins A, B and their methyl esters from the seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum. Chem Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 2003;51(7):802-806.
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  • Spino C, Dodier M, Sotheeswaran S. Anti-HIV coumarins from Calophyllum seed oil. Bioorg.Med Chem Lett. 12-15-1998;8(24):3475-3478.
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  • Taylor PB, Culp JS, Debouck C, et al. Kinetic and mutational analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibition by inophyllums, a novel class of non-nucleoside inhibitors. J Biol.Chem 3-4-1994;269(9):6325-6331.
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  • Yimdjo MC, Azebaze AG, Nkengfack AE, et al. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents from Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry 2004;65(20):2789-2795.
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